The Evolution of the Primate Hand by Tracy L. Kivell Pierre Lemelin Brian G. Richmond & Daniel Schmitt

Author:Tracy L. Kivell, Pierre Lemelin, Brian G. Richmond & Daniel Schmitt
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer New York, New York, NY

Historically, the functional significance of many of these proposed adaptations has been difficult to isolate and assess. However, advances in technology are enabling researchers to quantify the biomechanics of stone tool behaviors, thereby allowing them to quantitatively test hypotheses relating modern human hand and upper limb anatomy to stone tool behaviors (i.e., use and manufacture). Systems such as high-speed motion capture devices (now even freed from the use of reflective markers and cables), in vivo computer-based imaging and modeling, and real-time pressure sensing systems generate high-resolution biomechanical and functional data that document the rapid motions associated with stone tool behaviors (Fig. 11.2). These types of data are necessary for the evaluation of hypotheses linking anatomical form to biomechanical function.

Fig. 11.2Laboratory-based systems used to produce and capture data on the form, function, and movement patterns of upper limb anatomy. (a) High-speed manual pressure sensors used to capture forces and pressures acting across the hand (photo credit: E.M. Williams-Hatala); (b) CT scanner and polycarbonate wrist-positioning jig used to rotate and scan the region of interest (e.g., the wrist) in order to generate a visual record of the orientation of the joint through full rotation (photo credit: C. Orr); (c) infrared Vicon™ motion capture cameras and subject wearing reflective markers while making a stone tool, both used to record high-speed motions in X, Y, and Z coordinates (photo credit: E.M. Williams-Hatala); and (d) the hand fitted with reflective markers to capture motion data and holding a replica of an Oldowan flake instrumented with load cells to capture force data (photo credit: C. Rolian)

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